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Mission is a
novel set largely in mid-1970s Kenya. Five characters, in five chapters
each with several scenes, see a series of events from their own
perspectives and thus influence one particular event to which
individually they react differently. Four chapters are set in 1970s
Kenya, but one, placed centrally in the structure, is thirty years on
from the others and is set in London. The novel attempts to deal with
the concept of identity, seen through filters of poverty, religion,
politics and, underpinning everything, an idea of justice, examined from
the perspective of each character’s individual, perhaps personal
motivation, or mission.
The five
characters are Michael, a missionary priest, Mulonzya, a member of
parliament and businessman, Janet, a young teacher and later headteacher
of a London school, Boniface, a ex-seminarian church worker and
Munyasya, a retired officer from the King's African Rifles. Though each
of the five chapters bears one of their names, the book describes a
series of events and relationships which involve them all, and also
others, to form a continuum within which each character is seen to
pursue some personal mission.
The central
event, which all five main characters influence, sees Father Michael
drive his car over Munyasya, killing him. Boniface and his wife
Josephine are standing nearby, having just got out of the same car with
their child. Via a letter she has written to Michael, Janet is also
there, as are Mulonzya and his son, in the car behind. Each character
has a mission, but what that mission might be, and what are its ends, is
the subject of the book.
The role of
the missionary churches in Africa is examined, as are the personal
pressures experienced by each of the characters. Father Michael's
paternalism towards those he feels he must serve and his ambivalence
towards clericalism are placed alongside his almost passionate desire to
use the power and influence of the Church to seek justice. Eventually,
however, it is the development of his relationship with Janet which
forces him to question the worth of his work. The relationship with
church, Janet and personal mission all endure and coalesce in a
surprising conclusion, decades later.
But Mission
is an African book, not a book about Africa. In their own way, the three
characters, James Mulonzya, Boniface Mutisya and Edward Munyasya
represent three different Kenyas. Munyasya is a product of colonialism
experienced through service in the army. We find him a decrepit,
disillusioned and quite mad old man. But he has the last laugh,
literally, but ironically. Mulonzya, a politician, represents the Kenya
which experienced decolonisation, entered the world order in its own
right and grasped opportunities pragmatically, as they arose. Though
claiming to represent the public good, Mulonzya's mission is usually his
own interest. Boniface, however, is young, a product of independent
Kenya. Ideas of independence are taken for granted, and he assumes that
he may participate in the life of a modern state unhindered by the
restrictions suffered by his elders. Both poverty and, paradoxically,
education, however, conspire to limit what Boniface might achieve in
life.
Several less
significant characters play important roles in the structure. John
Mwangangi, a local administrator, and his wife Lesley, Charles Mulonzya,
James's son, Bishop John O'Hara and Josephine Ngao, Boniface's eventual
wife, all live out, in some measure, the arguments which are developed
elsewhere. Josephine, for instance, resorts to prostitution to pay her
way through school. Charles Mulonzya, unlike his father, is merely a
businessman. He has no particular interest in anything except making
money, and that includes his father's beloved homeland. John Mwangangi
is an idealist. Having lived out of Kenya for years, he has returned
home and believes he has the answers. His own father, however, disowns
him. This symbolises the inappropriateness of transplanted solutions,
aimed at solving others' problems.
Janet
represents something quite different, however. Placed centrally in the
structure, she is the conscience of the developed world, overtly
interested and committed, but perhaps shallow, self-obsessed and, in the
end, still instrumental in perpetuating the same injustices as before.
This lack of concern is suggested by the fact that she decides to have
an abortion at the same time that Boniface and Josephine are losing
their own child. Father Michael, alongside whom she lived for two years,
becomes infatuated with the memory of her and cannot reconcile her
decision with what he sees as his work for justice. He and Janet
communicate by letter and later by mere association, and a relationship
between sexual and religious ecstasy is suggested, but exactly what
Michael will do in the future is left open until many years later when
an apparently surprising conjunction suggests that he still might be
pursuing a personal mission.
Munyasya is
the key character, however. His section is quite different from the
others, written in a different style which is largely a dialogue between
himself and his dead step-father. What is presented here is a model for
the "traditional" education of a child by a parent, where values and
culture are transmitted in one package, which offers identity and
prescriptions for life. The fact that Munyasya, by espousing the role
defined for him by colonialists, has rejected those values and
prescriptions is highlighted by the ghost of his step-father as a crime
for which he must atone before he can be released from the pain and
suffering of his now destitute life. Together step-father and son hatch
a plot, a mission, which will reclaim Munyasya's dignity and undo the
error of his life. That these cultures and assumptions have changed and
now no longer apply is suggested all along by the fact that it is the
ghost of Munyasya's step-father which haunts him, rather than his own
father. This is finally confirmed in the last scene when, as Munyasya
dies, it becomes clear that the entire mission was mis-conceived from
the start.
Mission is a
large book of more than 180,000 words. Actual place names are used and
characters' names are all real Akamba names. The story covers local and
national politics, the nature of religious experience, the role of the
Church in Africa and the reality of charity. Though set primarily in
Kenya, there are sections set in Nigeria and Malaya, and most of
chapter three is set in London. At the heart of the book, however, is a
plea that the reader should empathise with the characters and the
pressures which shape their lives. It encourages a view of "Third World
issues" which is fundamentally different from problems relating to
economics, poverty and disease. In Mission, characters are not presented
in this zoological manner, to be observed from outside. Rather we should
see these lives as the struggles of people trying to cope with rapid
change and a search for identity. This is why I describe Mission as an
African book, not a book about Africa.
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